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Philip Pullman CBE, FRSL (born 19 October 1946) is a British writer. He is the author of several best-selling books, most notably the fantasy trilogy ''His Dark Materials'' and the fictionalised biography of Jesus, ''The Good Man Jesus and the Scoundrel Christ''. In 2008, ''The Times'' named Pullman one of the "50 greatest British writers since 1945".〔("The 50 greatest British writers since 1945" ). ''The Times''. 5 January 2008. Retrieved on 2010-02-05.〕 ''Northern Lights'', the first book of the ''His Dark Materials'' trilogy, won the 1995 Carnegie Medal from the Library Association, recognising the year's outstanding English-language children's book.〔 ((Carnegie Winner 1995) ). Living Archive: Celebrating the Carnegie and Greenaway Winners. CILIP. Retrieved 2012-07-09.〕 For the 70th anniversary of the Medal it was named one of the top ten winning works by a panel, composing the ballot for a public election of the all-time favourite.〔 ("70 Years Celebration: Anniversary Top Tens" ). The CILIP Carnegie & Kate Greenaway Children's Book Awards. CILIP. Retrieved 2012-07-09.〕 ''Northern Lights'' won the public vote from that shortlist and was thus named the all-time "Carnegie of Carnegies" on 21 June 2007. It has been adapted as a film under its U.S. title, ''The Golden Compass''. == Life and career == Philip Pullman was born in Norwich, England, the son of Audrey Evelyn Pullman (née Merrifield) and Royal Air Force pilot Alfred Outram Pullman. The family travelled with his father's job, including to Southern Rhodesia, though the majority of his formative years was spent in Llanbedr in Ardudwy, north Wales. His father, an RAF pilot, was killed in a plane crash in 1954 in Kenya when Pullman was seven, being posthumously awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC). Pullman said at the beginning of a 2008 exchange that to him as a boy, his father "was a hero, steeped in glamour, killed in action defending his country" and had been "training pilots, I think." Pullman was then presented with a report from The London Gazette of 1954 "which carried the official RAF news of the day () said that the medal was given for 'gallant and distinguished service' during the Mau Mau uprising. 'The main task of the Harvards (squadron of planes led by his father ) has been bombing and machine-gunning Mau Mau and their hideouts in densely wooded and difficult country.' This included 'diving steeply into the gorges of () rivers, often in conditions of low cloud and driving rain.' Testing conditions, yes, but not much opposition from the enemy, the journalist in the exchange continued. Very few of the Mau Mau had guns that could land a blow on an aircraft." Pullman responded to this new information, writing "my father probably doesn't come out of this with very much credit, judged by the standards of modern liberal progressive thought" and accepted the new information as "a serious challenge to his childhood memory."〔Moreton, Cole, ("Philip Pullman: His dark materials: The death and absence of his father has informed so much of the fiction written by this highly acclaimed author over the years, but he has never known – or wanted to know – the truth about what really happened. Until now..." ), ''The Independent'', 25 May 2008. Retrieved 2010-10-21.〕 His mother remarried and, with a move to Australia, came Pullman's discovery of comic books including ''Superman'' and ''Batman'', a medium which he continues to espouse. From 1957 he was educated at Ysgol Ardudwy in Harlech, Gwynedd, and spent time in Norfolk with his grandfather, a clergyman. Around this time Pullman discovered John Milton's ''Paradise Lost'', which would become a major influence for ''His Dark Materials''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=BBC Arts & Culture - Philip Pullman: How Wales inspired his life and work )〕 From 1963, Pullman attended Exeter College, Oxford, receiving a Third class BA in 1968. In an interview with the ''Oxford Student'' he stated that he "did not really enjoy the English course" and that "I thought I was doing quite well until I came out with my third class degree and then I realised that I wasn’t — it was the year they stopped giving fourth class degrees otherwise I’d have got one of those". He discovered William Blake's illustrations around 1970, which would also later influence him greatly. Pullman married Judith Speller in 1970 and began teaching children aged 9 to 13 at Bishop Kirk Middle School in Summertown, North Oxford and writing school plays. His first published work was ''The Haunted Storm'', which was joint-winner of the New English Library's Young Writer's Award in 1972. He nevertheless refuses to discuss it. ''Galatea'', an adult fantasy-fiction novel, followed in 1978, but it was his school plays which inspired his first children's book, ''Count Karlstein'', in 1982. He stopped teaching shortly after the publication of ''The Ruby in the Smoke'' (1986), his second children's book, which has a Victorian setting. Pullman taught part-time at Westminster College, Oxford, between 1988 and 1996, continuing to write children's stories. He began ''His Dark Materials'' in about 1993. The first book, ''Northern Lights'' was published in 1995 (entitled ''The Golden Compass'' in the U.S., 1996). Pullman won both the annual Carnegie Medal〔 and the Guardian Children's Fiction Prize, a similar award that authors may not win twice.〔("Guardian children's fiction prize relaunched: Entry details and list of past winners" ). ''theguardian'' 12 March 2001. Retrieved 2012-08-02.〕 Pullman has been writing full-time since 1996, he continues to deliver talks and writes occasionally for ''The Guardian'', including writing and lecturing about education, where he is often critical of unimaginative education policies.〔. uce.ac.uk. 6 May 2004〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Common sense has much to learn from moonshine )〕 He was awarded a CBE in the New Year's Honours list in 2004. He also co-judged the Christopher Tower Poetry Prize (awarded by Oxford University) in 2005 with Gillian Clarke. In 2004, he was elected President of the Blake Society.〔(Report to St James’s 2004 ). blakesociety.org〕 In 2004 Pullman also guest-edited ''The Mays Anthology'', a collection of new writing from students at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. In 2005 Pullman won the annual Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award from the Swedish Arts Council, recognising his career contribution to "children's and young adult literature in the broadest sense". According to the presentation, "Pullman radically injects new life into fantasy by introducing a variety of alternative worlds and by allowing good and evil to become ambiguous." In every genre, "he combines storytelling and psychological insight of the highest order."〔 ("2005: Philip Pullman: Maintaining an Optimistic Belief in the Child" ). The Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award. Retrieved 2012-08-13.〕 He was one of five finalists for the biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 2006〔 and he was the British nominee again in 2012.〔 In 2008, he started working on ''The Book of Dust'', a companion book to his ''His Dark Materials'' trilogy, and "The Adventures of John Blake", a story for the British children's comic ''The DFC'', with artist John Aggs.〔(Philip Pullman writes comic strip ), ''The Times'', 11 May 2008〕〔(Deep stuff ), ''The Guardian'', 24 May 2008〕〔(Pullman's page at the DFC website ), ''The DFC''〕 On 23 November 2007, Pullman was made an honorary professor at Bangor University.〔(http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/7109377.stm ). BBC News (2007-11-23). Retrieved on 2012-01-02.〕 In June 2008, he became a Fellow supporting the MA in Creative Writing at Oxford Brookes University. In September 2008, he hosted "The Writer's Table" for Waterstone's bookshop chain, highlighting 40 books which have influenced his career. In October 2009, he became a patron of the Palestine Festival of Literature. He is also a patron of the Shakespeare Schools Festival, a charity that enables school children across the UK to perform Shakespeare in professional theatres〔http://ssf.uk.com/patrons/philip-pullman〕 On 24 June 2009, Pullman was awarded the degree of D. Litt. (Doctor of Letters), ''honoris causa'', by the University of Oxford at the Encænia ceremony in the Sheldonian Theatre.〔(Honorary degrees awarded at Encaenia – University of Oxford ). Ox.ac.uk. Retrieved on 2012-01-02.〕 In 2012, during a break from writing ''The Book Of Dust'', a companion book to the Dark Material Trilogy, Pullman was asked by Penguin Classics to curate 50 of Grimms' classic fairytales, from their compendium of over 200 stories. "They are not all of the same quality," said Pullman, "Some are easily much better than others. And some are obvious classics. You can't do a selected Grimms' without Rumpelstiltskin, Cinderella and so on."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Philip Pullman turns to Grimm task )〕 Beginning in August 2013, Pullman was elected President of the Society of Authors - the "ultimate honour" awarded by the British writers body, and a position first held by Alfred, Lord Tennyson. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Philip Pullman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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